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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

22.1K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
22.1K
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

3.9K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.9K
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

1.7K
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
1.7K
Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble

3.9K
The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

153
The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
153

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 8, 2026

Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
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Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids

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Colloid science: non-spherical bubbles.

Anand Bala Subramaniam1, Manouk Abkarian, L Mahadevan

  • 1Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Nature
|December 16, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered that particle-armoured bubbles can maintain stable, non-spherical shapes. Particle jamming during fusion prevents surface tension from forcing a spherical form, enabling new bubble geometries.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Materials science
  • Colloid science

Background:

  • Surface tension naturally drives liquid drops and gas bubbles to adopt spherical shapes to minimize surface area.
  • Achieving stable non-spherical shapes for bubbles and drops has been a long-standing challenge in fluid mechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the possibility of stabilizing non-spherical shapes in gas bubbles and liquid drops.
  • To explore the role of particle monolayers in altering the interfacial properties of bubbles and drops.

Main Methods:

  • Creating gas bubbles and liquid drops coated with a close-packed monolayer of particles.
  • Observing the shapes of individual and fused armoured bubbles.
  • Analyzing the mechanical properties of the particle monolayer during interface deformation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that particle-armoured bubbles and drops can exist in stable, non-spherical configurations.
  • Showed that particle jamming at the interface provides the necessary stress support to overcome surface tension minimization.
  • Observed that fused armoured bubbles can maintain asymmetric shapes due to particle jamming.

Conclusions:

  • Particle armoring provides a novel mechanism to stabilize non-spherical bubbles and drops.
  • This finding challenges the conventional understanding of shape determination for fluid interfaces.
  • The jamming of particles offers a pathway to control and engineer complex interfacial geometries.