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Impaired implicit sequence learning in depression: a probe for frontostriatal dysfunction?

Sharon L Naismith1, Ian B Hickie, Philip B Ward

  • 1Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. snaismith@med.usyd.edu.au

Psychological Medicine
|December 20, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Individuals with depression exhibit impaired implicit learning, performing at half the rate of controls. This deficit is linked to cognitive impairments and clinical factors, suggesting frontostriatal dysfunction.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Implicit motor sequencing learning is sensitive to basal ganglia function.
  • This task is suitable for exploring the frontostriatal model in major depression.
  • Performance may correlate with clinical, neuropsychological, vascular, and biochemical data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate implicit learning deficits in individuals with major depressive disorder.
  • To examine the relationship between implicit learning and neuropsychological functioning.
  • To explore correlations with clinical characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • 21 individuals with depression and 21 matched controls participated.
  • Neuropsychological tests assessed cognitive functions including visuomotor speed and executive function.

Related Experiment Videos

  • A motor sequencing implicit learning task was administered to measure reaction time improvements.

    • Main Results:

    • Individuals with depression showed significantly impaired implicit learning (3.6% vs. 7.3% in controls).
    • Lower implicit learning rates correlated with poorer visuomotor speed, mental flexibility, longer depression duration, and acute stress.
    • In some cases, impaired learning was associated with a history of suicide attempts.

    Conclusions:

    • Impaired implicit learning in depression supports the frontostriatal dysfunction hypothesis.
    • Performance on implicit learning tasks is associated with specific neuropsychological deficits and clinical features of depression.