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Anatomical study of the gastrocnemius venous network and proposal for a classification of the veins
J A Aragão1, F P Reis, G B B Pitta
1Department of Anatomy, Tiradentes University, Sergipe, Brazil.
Objectives:
To present a detailed description of the gastrocnemius venous network.
Design:
Anatomical study in cadavers.
Material And Methods:
Forty lower limbs from 20 adult male cadavers were studied. All gastrocnemius veins were dissected from the gastrocnemius muscle heads proximally toward their drainage site.
Results:
Eighty heads of 40 gastrocnemius muscles showed 438 gastrocnemius veins. The number of veins per muscle head varied between 2 and 12. There were 221 gastrocnemius trunks distributed as 95 main gastrocnemius trunks, 81 axial and 45 collateral ones. From the 95 main gastrocnemius trunks, 83 (87%) drained into the popliteal vein. Direct observation of the gastrocnemius venous network allowed us to classify the anatomical distribution as four distinct types.
Conclusions:
The majority of main gastrocnemius venous trunks drain into the popliteal vein. There is wide variability in the number of gastrocnemius veins. We propose a classification of four distinct types of anatomical pattern.
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