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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Assessment of Maternal Vascular Remodeling During Pregnancy in the Mouse Uterus
Published on: December 5, 2015
Maternal physiology and complications of multiple pregnancy
Errol R Norwitz1, Valentine Edusa, Joong Shin Park
1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. errol.norwitz@yale.edu
Abstract:
Approximately 1% to 3% of all pregnancies in the United States are multiple gestations. The vast majority (97-98%) are twin pregnancies. Multiple pregnancies constitute significant risk to both mother and fetuses. Antepartum complications-including preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia-develop in over 80% of multiple pregnancies as compared with approximately 25% of singleton gestations. This article reviews in detail the maternal physiologic adaptations required to support a multiple pregnancy and the maternal complications that develop when these systems fail or are overwhelmed.
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