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The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

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Drug 'hot-spots', alcohol availability and violence.

D M Gorman¹, Li Zhu, Scott Horel

¹Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, USA. gorman@srph.tamushsc.edu

Drug and Alcohol Review

|December 20, 2005

Summary

Drug crime density significantly predicts violent crime rates more than alcohol outlet density. This study in Houston highlights the greater impact of illicit drug activity hot spots on neighborhood violence.

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Area of Science:

Criminology
Urban Studies
Public Health

Background:

Previous ecological studies link alcohol outlet density and drug crime 'hot spots' to violence.
No prior research has directly compared the impact of alcohol outlets versus drug hot spots on violence rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the comparative effects of alcohol outlet density and drug crime density on violent crime rates in Houston, Texas.
To determine which factor, alcohol outlets or drug hot spots, is a stronger predictor of neighborhood violence.

Main Methods:

Ecological study design using 439 census tracts in Houston, Texas.
Data collected on neighborhood socio-structural factors, alcohol outlet density, drug crime density, and violent crime density.
Multivariate and spatial statistics, including ordinary least-squares analysis and control for autocorrelated error.

Main Results:

Neighborhood socio-structural factors explained 40% of violent crime variability.
Alcohol outlet density added 6% explanatory power; drug crime density added 32%.
Drug crime density in target and adjacent tracts significantly predicted violent crime; only off-sale alcohol outlet density in the target tract remained significant.

Conclusions:

Drug crime density is a stronger predictor of violent crime rates than alcohol outlet density.
Findings suggest that interventions targeting drug crime hot spots may be more effective in reducing violence than those solely focused on alcohol outlets.
Methodological and policy implications are discussed, acknowledging study limitations.