Arterial supply of maxillary sinus and potential for bleeding complication during lateral approach sinus elevation

There are 3 arteries that supply the maxillary sinus (i.e., the posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, and posterior lateral nasal arteries), any of which may be encountered during lateral approach sinus elevation surgery. These arteries are ultimate branches of the maxillary artery. Although it has not been reported, there is a theoretical potential for severing an intraosseously located artery during a vigorous curettage for sinus lining elevation in the posterior medial wall of the sinus. Techniques for cessation of bleeding are discussed, such as electrocautery and endoscopic ligation. Head elevation can significantly decrease blood flow to the area.