Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Feeding of Ticks on Animals for Transmission and Xenodiagnosis in Lyme Disease Research
Published on: August 31, 2013
Tick-borne relapsing fever during pregnancy: a case report
Jennifer N Guggenheim1, Albert D Haverkamp
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Exempla Saint Joseph Hospital, Denver, Colorado, USA. guggenheimj@exempla.org
Background:
Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is uncommon. Vertical transmission in the gravid woman may result in spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery or perinatal mortality. We report a case in a pregnant woman who experienced a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (J-HR).
Case:
A 24-year-old woman at 23 weeks' gestation had a relapsing fever of unknown origin and nonspecific complaints. Her peripheral blood smear demonstrated spirochetes consistent with TBRF caused by Borrelia. Treatment with antibiotics precipitated J-HR. Supportive measures and appropriate antibiotic therapy resulted in a clinical cure and normal term delivery.
Conclusion:
The diagnosis of TBRF should be considered in individuals with recurrent fevers, especially those who have been in mountainous regions where Borrelia hermsii exists. Individuals receiving antimicrobials should be closely monitored for a J-HR.
Related Concept Videos
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Toxoplasmosis
American Trypanosomiasis
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

