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Validation of the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale.

S M Chrisman1, W A Pieper, P R Clance

  • 1Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta 30303-3083, USA.

Journal of Personality Assessment
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

The Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) and Perceived Fraudulence Scale show similar validity for measuring impostor feelings. Impostor Phenomenon is distinct from depression, anxiety, and self-monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychological assessment
  • Personality psychology

Background:

  • The Impostor Phenomenon (IP) describes individuals who feel like frauds despite external evidence of success.
  • Existing measures of IP require further validation and comparison with newer instruments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the psychometric properties of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) with the Perceived Fraudulence Scale (PFS).
  • To provide evidence for the construct and discriminant validity of the CIPS.

Main Methods:

  • Correlational analysis comparing CIPS and PFS scores.
  • Comparison of CIPS scores with measures of depression, self-esteem, social anxiety, and self-monitoring.
  • Principal components analysis (PCA) of CIPS items.

Main Results:

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  • CIPS and PFS demonstrated high internal consistency and similar correlations with other measures.
  • IP, as measured by CIPS, was related to but distinct from depression, self-esteem, social anxiety, and self-monitoring.
  • PCA of CIPS yielded three interpretable factors: Fake, Discount, and Luck.

Conclusions:

  • The CIPS is a valid and reliable measure of the Impostor Phenomenon.
  • The CIPS effectively differentiates IP from related psychological constructs.
  • The three-factor structure provides a nuanced understanding of the Impostor Phenomenon.