Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 14, 2026

In Vivo Methods to Assess Retinal Ganglion Cell and Optic Nerve Function and Structure in Large Animals
Published on: February 26, 2022
Flumequine in the goat: pharmacokinetics after intravenous and intramuscular administration
R Villa1, P Cagnardi, O Sonzogni
1Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano, Italy. roberto.villa@unimi.it
Abstract:
The pharmacokinetics of flumequine, administered intravenously and intramuscularly at a single dose of 20 mg/kg, was investigated in healthy goats. After intravenous injection, flumequine distributed rapidly (t1/2alpha = 0.87+/-0.15 h) but was eliminated slowly (t1/2beta = 7.12+/-1.27 h); mean clearance (Cl) and volume of distribution (Vdss) were 0.32+/-0.03 (L/(h x kg) and 1.22+/-029 (L/kg), respectively. After intramuscular administration, the peakserum concentration (Cmax = 7.40+/-0.5 microg/ml) was reached in about 1.5 h (Tmax) and bioavailability was about 93%. Estimated flumequine serum levels following repeated intramuscular administration of the aqueous suspension used in the study (7.23+/-0.7 microg/ml and 4.82+/-0.47 microg/ml at intervals of 8 and 12 h, respectively) indicated that to maintain serum levels above MIC values for susceptible bacteria a dosage regimen of 20 mg/kg every 12 h is necessary by the intramuscular route.
Related Concept Videos
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection
Following the administration of a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection, we can determine the concentration of the drug in the plasma at any given time. This calculation is achieved using a specific equation that integrates the values of Vmax and KM.
We can also...
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections
Bioavailability: Overview
Dosage Interval and Administration Route: Determination Methods

