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Calcium and exercise affect the growing skeleton.

Jo M Welch1, Connie M Weaver

  • 1School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Nutrition Reviews
|December 24, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Strong bones require both adequate calcium intake and bone-stimulating exercise during growth. Combining high-impact exercise with sufficient calcium or moderate exercise with adequate calcium appears optimal for skeletal development.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Dietary calcium and exercise are crucial for skeletal development.
  • The combined impact of calcium and osteogenic exercise on bone health is not well understood.
  • Previous research indicates potential compensatory or synergistic effects in specific skeletal sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of dietary calcium and osteogenic exercise on skeletal development.
  • To synthesize current evidence on optimizing bone strength through combined interventions.
  • To identify effective strategies for maximizing bone mass during childhood growth.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal research on impact loading and calcium deficiency.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of human studies examining calcium intake and exercise interventions.
  • Synthesis of evidence regarding compensatory, additive, and synergistic effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Animal models show impact loading can compensate for low calcium in bones.
    • Human studies suggest varied effects (compensatory, additive, synergistic) depending on skeletal location.
    • Optimal strategies involve high-impact exercise with adequate calcium or moderate exercise with sufficient calcium.

    Conclusions:

    • A combination of adequate calcium and bone-stimulating exercise is essential for robust skeletal development.
    • High-impact exercise paired with sufficient calcium intake is a highly effective strategy.
    • Moderate-impact exercise combined with adequate calcium also supports strong bone formation during growth.