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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 26, 2011

A free response test of interpersonal effectiveness.

H Getter1, J K Nowinski

  • 1University of Connecticut, Storrs 06268, USA.

Journal of Personality Assessment
|January 1, 1981
PubMed
Summary

The Interpersonal Problem Solving Assessment Technique (IPSAT) measures interpersonal effectiveness. Psychotherapy clients demonstrated lower effectiveness and higher avoidance compared to controls, indicating IPSAT

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Interpersonal effectiveness is crucial for social functioning.
  • Existing measures may not fully capture the nuances of interpersonal problem-solving.
  • Social Learning Theory provides a framework for understanding learned social behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the development of the Interpersonal Problem Solving Assessment Technique (IPSAT), College form.
  • To create a reliable and valid instrument for assessing interpersonal effectiveness.
  • To evaluate the IPSAT's utility in distinguishing between clinical and normative populations.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a semi-structured, free-response format based on Social Learning Theory and assertiveness research.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

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Published on: February 26, 2011

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  • Developed a detailed manual for reliable scoring of response categories: effectiveness, avoidance, appropriateness, dependency, and solution productivity.
  • Assessed validity through correlations with established psychological inventories and compared scores between psychotherapy clients and normative subjects.

    • Main Results:

    • The IPSAT reliably scores self-reported behaviors in six classes of problematic social situations.
    • Scores were not significantly influenced by sex, verbal ability, or social desirability.
    • Psychotherapy clients exhibited significantly lower interpersonal effectiveness and higher avoidance than the normative group.

    Conclusions:

    • The Interpersonal Problem Solving Assessment Technique (IPSAT) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing interpersonal problem-solving skills.
    • The IPSAT can differentiate between clinical populations and general norms, suggesting its utility in therapeutic settings.
    • Findings support the application of the IPSAT in evaluating and potentially improving interpersonal functioning.