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The Word Association Implications Test.

S J Dollinger1, E L Levin, A E Robinson

  • 1Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, USA.

Journal of Personality Assessment
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Learning to interpret word associations on the Word Association Implications Test (WAIT) is best achieved through a heuristic, discovery-oriented approach, not direct instruction. An incentive improved performance, suggesting motivation enhances diagnostic schema learning.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Personality Assessment

Background:

  • The Word Association Implications Test (WAIT) is used to assess personality.
  • Understanding diagnostic schemata is crucial for interpreting WAIT results.
  • Incidental learning plays a role in acquiring diagnostic skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between incidental learning of diagnostic schemata and performance on the WAIT.
  • To explore factors influencing the acquisition of skills in interpreting word associations.
  • To compare heuristic versus algorithmic approaches to learning personality assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted with 144 college students.
  • Participants completed the WAIT under various conditions, including instructional interventions and incentives.

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  • Inductive reasoning and task framing (play vs. work) were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Direct instruction in diagnostic cues did not improve WAIT scores; an incentive did.
    • Interpreting WAIT protocols was necessary before generating diagnostic clues, supporting schema development.
    • Inductive reasoning and a playful task approach predicted WAIT performance beyond incidental learning.

    Conclusions:

    • A heuristic, discovery-oriented approach is more effective for learning to interpret word associations than algorithmic methods.
    • Motivation and cognitive factors like inductive reasoning enhance the learning of diagnostic schemata for personality assessment.
    • The findings highlight the value of heuristic strategies in developing expertise in psychological assessment.