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Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in France in 2003

A Perrocheau1, M K Taha, D Levy-Bruhl

  • 1Unité des Maladies à Prévention Vaccinale, Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint Maurice, France.

Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin
|December 24, 2005
PubMed

Insights

National surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) improved with enhanced reporting and analysis. Despite a 4% increase, IMD incidence decreased with age, with serogroup B being most common.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Surveillance
  • Public Health

Background:

  • National surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) relies on mandatory reporting.
  • Changes to the case definition in mid-2002 expanded surveillance to include non-microbiologically confirmed cases.
  • Enhancements to the IMD alert detection system in 2003 included daily reporting and weekly analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the exhaustivity of IMD surveillance through capture-recapture analysis.
  • To estimate the true incidence of IMD after correcting for underreporting.
  • To analyze trends, age-specific incidence, serogroup distribution, and case fatality rates of IMD.

Main Methods:

  • Capture-recapture analysis was employed to estimate underreporting.
  • Surveillance data from 2003 were analyzed for case numbers, incidence, and demographics.
  • Serogroup distribution and case fatality rates, including the impact of purpura fulminans and treatment, were assessed.

Main Results:

  • In 2003, 803 IMD cases were reported, with an estimated incidence of 1.78/100,000 after correction for underreporting.
  • A 4% increase in IMD was observed between 2002-2003 after excluding 'new' definition cases.
  • Incidence was highest in infants (<1 year) and young children (1-2 years), decreasing with age. Serogroups B (59%) and C (32%) were predominant. Case fatality rate was 12%.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced surveillance and capture-recapture analysis provide a more accurate picture of IMD burden.
  • Targeted interventions, including mass prophylaxis and vaccination, were implemented in response to specific outbreaks and alert thresholds.
  • Early antibiotic treatment for purpura fulminans was associated with lower fatality rates.

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