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Adverse oral sequelae to bisphosphonate administration.

Mark Marunick1, Robert Miller, Sara Gordon

  • 1Detroit Medical Center, USA.

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association
|December 24, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Bisphosphonate drugs, used orally and intravenously, can cause osteonecrosis of the jaws. This case series reviews five patients, discussing presentation, management, and prevention strategies for this bisphosphonate-induced condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Pharmacology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Bisphosphonates are commonly prescribed for osteoporosis and bone metastases.
  • Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare but serious adverse effect associated with bisphosphonate therapy.
  • Increasing reports necessitate a review of this drug-related complication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case series of five patients experiencing osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ).
  • To review the clinical presentation, management, and proposed etiology of bisphosphonate-related ONJ.
  • To discuss risk identification and preventive dental strategies for patients on bisphosphonates.

Main Methods:

  • Case series review of five patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
  • Analysis of clinical data including patient history, medications, and dental interventions.
  • Literature review on the etiology and management of ONJ.

Main Results:

  • Five cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) were identified in patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy.
  • Clinical presentations varied, with management strategies tailored to individual patient factors.
  • Proposed etiologies involve impaired bone remodeling and potential medication-related effects.

Conclusions:

  • Bisphosphonate administration is linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ).
  • Careful patient screening, including medication history, is crucial for risk assessment.
  • Proactive dental management and precautions can mitigate the risk of ONJ in patients on bisphosphonates.