Adverse oral sequelae to bisphosphonate administration.

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Pharmacology
• Oncology

Background:

• Bisphosphonates are commonly prescribed for osteoporosis and bone metastases.
• Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare but serious adverse effect associated with bisphosphonate therapy.
• Increasing reports necessitate a review of this drug-related complication.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present a case series of five patients experiencing osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ).
• To review the clinical presentation, management, and proposed etiology of bisphosphonate-related ONJ.
• To discuss risk identification and preventive dental strategies for patients on bisphosphonates.

Main Methods:

• Case series review of five patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
• Analysis of clinical data including patient history, medications, and dental interventions.
• Literature review on the etiology and management of ONJ.

Main Results:

• Five cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) were identified in patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy.
• Clinical presentations varied, with management strategies tailored to individual patient factors.
• Proposed etiologies involve impaired bone remodeling and potential medication-related effects.

Conclusions:

• Bisphosphonate administration is linked to osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ).
• Careful patient screening, including medication history, is crucial for risk assessment.
• Proactive dental management and precautions can mitigate the risk of ONJ in patients on bisphosphonates.