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Live births, cesarean sections and the development of menstrual abnormalities
1School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Objectives:
To examine the relationship between number of livebirths and cesarean sections on the development of menstrual abnormalities.
Methods:
The effect of number of livebirths and cesarean sections on menstrual abnormalities in the late reproductive period was evaluated using data from the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles.
Results:
There were 298 women with no livebirths and 606 women with livebirths of which 184 had a history of cesarean section. Among all women, increasing number of livebirths was associated with an increasing trend in reported heavy menses, prolonged flow >6 days, and a decreasing trend in reported dysmenorrhea. This effect was amplified among women with a history of cesarean section.
Conclusions:
Increasing number of livebirths is associated with heavy and prolonged menstrual flow during the late reproductive period. This association is particularly stronger in women with a history of cesarean section.
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