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Cell membrane changes in chronically diabetic rats.

V Chandramouli, J R Carter

    Diabetes
    |March 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Chronic diabetes mellitus alters liver cell membrane composition, reducing sialic acid and cholesterol. However, protein turnover rates remain unchanged in diabetic rats compared to controls.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with significant systemic effects.
    • Cell membrane composition and function can be altered by disease states.
    • Understanding these alterations is crucial for managing diabetic complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of chronic diabetes mellitus on liver plasma membrane composition and protein turnover.
    • To compare membrane changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with control animals.

    Main Methods:

    • Streptozotocin-induced diabetes model in rats.
    • Isolation and biochemical analysis of liver plasma membranes and red blood cell membranes.
    • Enzyme activity assays (alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, 5 -nucleotidase).

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  • Analysis of non-protein constituents (sialic acid, cholesterol, phospholipids, neutral sugars).
  • In vivo double-labeling technique with [3H] and [14C] leucine for protein turnover studies.
  • Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for protein separation.

    • Main Results:

    • Diabetic rat liver plasma membranes exhibited increased alkaline phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities, and decreased 5 -nucleotidase activity.
    • Sialic acid and cholesterol content were reduced in liver plasma membranes and red cell ghosts of diabetic animals.
    • Phospholipids and neutral sugars in membranes remained unchanged between diabetic and control groups.
    • No significant differences in the relative turnover rates of individual membrane proteins were observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic diabetes mellitus induces significant changes in the overall composition of cell membranes, particularly affecting sialic acid and cholesterol levels.
    • Despite compositional alterations, the rate of protein turnover in cell membranes is not significantly affected by chronic diabetes.
    • These findings highlight specific molecular changes in diabetic membranes that warrant further investigation for potential therapeutic targets.