When does it pay to break the matches for analysis of a matched-pairs design?
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Updated: Oct 5, 2026

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction
Published on: February 27, 2014
1Biometrics Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.
Abstract:
Two methods of analysis are compared to estimate the treatment effect of a comparative study where each treated individual is matched with a single control at the design stage. The usual matched-pairs analysis accounts for the pairing directly in its model, whereas regression adjustment ignores the matching but instead models the pairing using a set of covariates. For a normal linear model, the estimated treatment effect from the matched-pairs analysis (paired t-test) is more efficient. For a Bernoulli logistic model, matched-pairs analysis performs better when the sample size is small, but is inferior to logistic regression for large sample sizes.
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