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Cancer of the cervix.

A O Olatunji1, A O Sule-Odu

  • 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University PMB 2001 Sagamu, Nigeria.

The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
|December 29, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Cervical cancer incidence in Nigeria was 2.9% among gynecological admissions, with most cases presenting at advanced stages. Early detection through regular cervical smears and prompt symptom reporting is crucial for reducing mortality.

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Public Health
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Cervical cancer remains a significant health concern, particularly in developing regions.
  • Understanding the epidemiological profile and clinical presentation is vital for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and characteristics of cervical cancer at a Nigerian teaching hospital.
  • To analyze the histological types, stages at presentation, and treatment modalities for cervical cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 56 histologically diagnosed cervical cancer cases.
  • Analysis of gynecological admissions from January 1991 to December 2000.
  • Data collection on patient demographics, clinical presentation, histology, stage, and treatment.

Main Results:

  • An incidence of 2.9% cervical cancer among 1,912 gynecological admissions.
  • Mean age of diagnosis was 51.7 years; common in grandmultiparous women.
  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding (64.3%) was the primary symptom; 96.4% were squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Most cases (78.6%) presented at advanced stages; 80.4% referred for radiotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • High incidence and advanced stage at diagnosis highlight challenges in cervical cancer care in Nigeria.
  • Urgent need for public health interventions focusing on early detection via regular cervical screening (Pap smears) and prompt medical attention for symptoms.
  • Limited surgical treatment (5.4% radical hysterectomy) indicates reliance on radiotherapy for advanced disease.

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