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Related Experiment Videos

Bottled water: how safe is it?

Sean D Raj1

  • 1University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. seanraj@nyu.edu

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation
|December 31, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial growth in opened bottled water increases significantly at room temperature but is reduced by refrigeration. This highlights the need for storage guidelines to ensure bottled water safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Food Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rising bottled water sales driven by perceived purity and tap water concerns.
  • Lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for opened bottled water storage.
  • Public health implications of microbial contamination in bottled water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of storage time and temperature on bacterial proliferation in opened bottled water.
  • To identify microorganisms contaminating bottled water after initial use.
  • To compare bacterial growth in bottled water versus tap water under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Standard microbiology culture techniques were employed.
  • Bottled and tap water samples were analyzed.
  • Bacterial counts were assessed after storage at different temperatures (room vs. refrigeration) and durations.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial counts in bottled water surged from <1 to 38,000 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) within 48 hours at 37°C.
  • Refrigeration significantly inhibited bacterial growth, reducing colonies by 50% at 24 hours and 84% at 48 hours compared to room temperature.
  • Tap water exhibited minimal bacterial growth, especially under refrigeration (<100 CFU/mL at 48 hours).

Conclusions:

  • Opened bottled water is susceptible to significant bacterial contamination.
  • Refrigeration is crucial for limiting microbial growth in opened bottled water.
  • Findings support the development of public health recommendations for bottled water storage.

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