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Absolute time-resolved x-ray laser gain measurement.

T Mocek¹, S Sebban, G Maynard

¹Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-Ecole Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France.

Physical Review Letters

|December 31, 2005

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Researchers directly measured soft x-ray laser amplifier gain evolution. This breakthrough uses a seeded high-order harmonic generation pulse to achieve subpicosecond resolution, advancing ultrafast X-ray science.

Area of Science:

* Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
* Plasma Physics
* X-ray Science and Technology

Background:

* Understanding the temporal dynamics of amplifiers is crucial for optimizing laser performance.
* Previous methods lacked the resolution to accurately capture rapid gain changes in soft x-ray amplifiers.

Purpose of the Study:

* To directly measure the time-dependent gain of a soft x-ray laser amplifier.
* To investigate the synchronization requirements for effective amplification using a seeded approach.

Main Methods:

* Employed a seed pulse generated via high-order harmonic generation (HHG).
* Injected the HHG seed pulse into a soft x-ray laser medium.
* Varied the delay between plasma creation and seed injection to map gain evolution with subpicosecond resolution.

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Main Results:

* Achieved the first direct measurement of soft x-ray amplifier gain time evolution.
* Demonstrated strong amplification when the seed pulse was synchronized with the amplifier's gain period.
* Obtained a detailed temporal profile of the amplifier gain with subpicosecond precision.

Conclusions:

* The study provides critical insights into the transient gain dynamics of soft x-ray amplifiers.
* The developed technique enables precise characterization and optimization of soft x-ray laser performance.
* This work paves the way for more sophisticated ultrafast X-ray applications.