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Feeding an elemental diet vs a milk-based formula does not decrease intestinal mucosal growth in infant pigs.

Barbara Stoll1, Pamela T Price, Peter J Reeds

  • 1USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. bstoll@bcm.tmc.edu

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|January 3, 2006
PubMed
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Elemental diets (ED) and formula (FORM) similarly support intestinal growth in piglets. However, ED increases cell proliferation and protein synthesis while decreasing lactase activity compared to FORM.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Intestinal Physiology

Background:

  • Enteral nutrient intake influences intestinal growth rate.
  • Elemental diets (ED) consist of glucose, amino acids, and lipids.
  • Cow's milk formula (FORM) contains lactose, protein, and lipids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if ED reduces small intestinal growth and lactase activity compared to FORM.
  • To compare the effects of ED versus FORM on intestinal growth parameters in piglets.

Main Methods:

  • Three-week-old piglets were fed either ED intragastrically or FORM orally for 6 days.
  • Intestinal growth parameters (protein, DNA, villus height, crypt depth) were assessed.
  • Cell proliferation, protein synthesis, GLP-2 levels, and lactase activity were measured.

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Main Results:

  • No significant differences in intestinal protein, DNA, villus height, or crypt depth between ED and FORM groups.
  • ED group showed significantly higher crypt cell proliferation (+37%) and mucosal protein synthesis rates.
  • ED group had higher circulating glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) levels but lower lactase activity compared to FORM.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal mucosal growth and villus morphology are comparable between ED and FORM fed pigs.
  • Elemental diets stimulate higher cell proliferation and protein synthesis but reduce lactase activity.
  • Elemental diets may serve as a trophic stimulus for intestinal growth during bowel rest, similar to polymeric formulas.