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Changes in GABAergic function after chronic chemical stress.

G B Acosta1, M E Otero Losada, M C Rubio

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas, (ININFA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

General Pharmacology
|March 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Chronic chemical stress impacts the brain's gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. Stress alters GABA uptake and synthesis in key brain regions, particularly the frontal cortex, suggesting its role in stress response.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurochemistry
  • Stress Research

Background:

  • The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic system is crucial for regulating neuronal excitability.
  • Chronic stress is known to induce significant neurobiological changes.
  • Understanding the impact of stress on neurotransmitter systems is vital for neurological health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional alterations of the GABA-ergic system in specific rat brain regions under chronic chemical stress.
  • To quantify changes in GABA concentration, uptake, and synthesis enzyme activity.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were exposed to chemical vapors daily for 20 days to induce chronic stress.
  • Measurements included endogenous GABA concentration, [3H]-GABA uptake (neuronal and non-neuronal), and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity.

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  • Body weight and signs of toxicity were monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • Chronic stress reduced neuronal [3H]-GABA uptake in the frontal cortex by 43% and increased non-neuronal uptake in the hypothalamus by 62%.
    • Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity was significantly enhanced in the frontal cortex (91%) and corpus striatum (69%).
    • Endogenous GABA levels and animal body weight remained unaffected, with no signs of toxicity.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed stimulation of GAD and reduced neuronal GABA uptake in the frontal cortex suggest enhanced GABAergic neurotransmission.
    • These findings indicate that the frontal cortex plays a significant role in processing chronic stress.
    • The GABA-ergic system's modulation by stress highlights potential therapeutic targets for stress-related disorders.