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Bioactive glass three decades on.

Mark V Thomas1, David A Puleo, Mohanad Al-Sabbagh

  • 1Division of Periodontology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA. mvthom0@email.uky.edu

Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants
|January 6, 2006
PubMed
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Bioglasses are biocompatible materials used in dentistry for bone bonding. Current limitations include their granular form, hindering space-making applications, though future developments may expand their potential.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials
  • Bioceramics

Background:

  • Bioglasses, introduced in the 1970s, are silica-based materials widely used in dentistry.
  • The original 45S5 bioglass features low silica content (<60%), high sodium oxide (Na2O) and calcium oxide (CaO), and a high CaO:P2O5 ratio.
  • Bioactivity, defined as the ability to bond with living tissue, is a key characteristic of these glasses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties and applications of bioactive glasses in dentistry.
  • To identify current limitations of bioglass materials.
  • To explore potential future developments for expanding their clinical utility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data and clinical applications of bioglasses.
  • Analysis of the chemical composition and physical properties of bioactive glasses.

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  • Discussion of limitations and future research directions for bioglass materials.

    • Main Results:

    • Bioglasses exhibit excellent biocompatibility and bone-bonding capabilities due to their surface-reactive silica, calcium, and phosphate groups.
    • Established clinical applications include ridge preservation, sinus augmentation, and periodontal defect repair.
    • Current bioglass products are granular, limiting their use as space-making devices and lacking inherent osteoinductivity.

    Conclusions:

    • Bioglasses are effective for bone regeneration and repair due to their bioactivity and biocompatibility.
    • Limitations in form (granular) and osteoinductivity restrict their application scope.
    • Future research focusing on novel forms and incorporation of osteogenic agents could unlock the full potential of bioactive glasses.