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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
Storage01:23

Storage

A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
10:42

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation

Published on: August 18, 2014

[Learning and memory: traditional and systemic approach].

Iu I Aleksandrov

    Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deiatelnosti Imeni I P Pavlova
    |January 7, 2006
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study proposes a systemic approach to learning and memory, suggesting memory consolidation arises from new neural specializations, not just synaptic changes. It explores systemogenesis in both healthy and diseased states.

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    Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

    A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
    10:42

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    Published on: August 18, 2014

    The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
    09:01

    The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

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    Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
    08:05

    Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

    Published on: June 30, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Systems Biology
    • Cognitive Science

    Context:

    • Traditional learning and memory theories focus on synaptic plasticity.
    • A systemic approach views neuronal activity as environmental interaction, not just signal conduction.

    Purpose:

    • To analyze learning and memory through a systemic lens.
    • To compare the systemic view with traditional theories of memory formation.

    Summary:

    • Neuronal activity is reframed as 'action' to resolve cellular discrepancies with the environment.
    • Learning and memory consolidation are proposed to stem from systemogenesis—new systemic neuronal specializations.
    • Systemogenesis involves selection, gene activation, neurogenesis, and apoptosis in normal and pathological states.

    Impact:

    • Provides a novel framework for understanding long-term potentiation.
    • Suggests a new model for memory store formation, including variants and stages.
    • Offers insights into memory processes in both healthy and diseased brains.