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Related Experiment Videos

Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal function in eumenorrheic and amenorrheic athletes.

A B Loucks1, G A Laughlin, J F Mortola

  • 1Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|August 1, 1992
PubMed
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Chronic high-volume athletic training impacts thyroid hormones in women. Athletes with amenorrhea show impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis function and reduced thyroid hormones, unlike those with regular cycles.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Chronic high-volume athletic training's effect on thyroid hormone economy is not well-defined.
  • Understanding the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (H-P-T) axis in female athletes is crucial for health and performance.
  • Athletic amenorrhea is linked to hormonal disruptions, but thyroid axis involvement requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the status of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in women athletes with regular menstrual cycles (CA) and amenorrhea (AA).
  • To compare thyroid hormone economy between CA, AA, and cyclic sedentary women (CS).
  • To identify alterations in the H-P-T axis associated with chronic high-volume athletic training and menstrual dysfunction.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of serum thyroid hormone levels (T4, T3, free T4, free T3, rT3) and binding globulins (TBG, SHBG) across three groups: CA, AA, and CS.
  • Assessment of 24-h mean TSH levels and TSH response to TRH stimulation.
  • Control for confounding factors including exercise intensity, caloric intake, and body weight.

    • Main Results:

    • Athletes showed H-P-T axis alterations compared to sedentary controls.
    • Athletic amenorrhea (AA) group exhibited significantly reduced T4, T3, free T4, free T3, and rT3 compared to cyclic athletes (CA) and controls.
    • CA group showed only a significant decrease in serum T4 levels compared to controls.
    • TSH levels and circadian rhythm were comparable, but TSH response to TRH was blunted in AA compared to CA.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic high-volume athletic training in women with menstrual cyclicity is associated with isolated T4 reduction.
    • An impaired H-P-T axis occurs selectively in athletic women with amenorrhea, indicating compromised hypothalamic-pituitary function.
    • These findings highlight the clinical significance of thyroid hormone alterations in female athletes with menstrual irregularities.