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Related Experiment Videos

Genetic variability of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) isolates.

P Denis1, H D Liebig, N Nowotny

  • 1Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Groeselenberg 99, 1180 Brussels, Belgium.

Veterinary Microbiology
|January 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) variability was assessed in European field isolates. No direct correlation was found between EMCV genotype and clinical presentation in pigs, suggesting complex disease dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Molecular Epidemiology
  • Pork Production

Background:

  • Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) causes significant disease in pigs, with clinical manifestations varying across Europe since 1986.
  • Understanding EMCV genetic variability is crucial for disease management and control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To molecularly characterize European EMCV field isolates.
  • To investigate the relationship between EMCV genetic diversity and observed clinical pictures in pigs.
  • To assess the impact of in vivo and in vitro passaging on EMCV virulence and attenuation.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular characterization of EMCV field isolates from different European regions.
  • Sequencing of targeted genomic regions: poly(C) tract, 5'-UTR, Leader gene, capsid coding region, 2A gene, 3D polymerase gene, and 3'-UTR.

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  • Analysis of a virulent field isolate subjected to serial in vivo and in vitro passaging to evaluate attenuation.

    • Main Results:

    • No direct correlation was established between EMCV genotype and specific clinical diseases (e.g., myocarditis, reproductive failure).
    • Both genetically diverse and similar EMCV isolates could cause varied clinical presentations.
    • The European isolate with the highest genetic divergence induced a more complex clinical picture.
    • In vitro passaging led to EMCV attenuation, as confirmed by animal experiments.

    Conclusions:

    • EMCV clinical presentation in pigs is not solely determined by genetic makeup, indicating complex host-pathogen interactions.
    • EMCV is an emerging disease in Europe with diverse clinical manifestations and pathogenicity.
    • EMCV's adaptability and broad host range, including primates, highlight its significance as a potential pathogen in xenotransplantation.