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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The...
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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Celiac disease.

Peter H R Green1, Bana Jabri

  • 1Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. pg11@columbia.edu

Annual Review of Medicine
|January 18, 2006
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, affecting about 1% of the population. Current management involves a strict gluten-free diet, but new therapies are being explored.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition in genetically predisposed individuals, triggered by gluten.
  • The immune response primarily affects the small intestine's lining.
  • Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8 genes are associated but only explain 40% of genetic predisposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding of celiac disease pathophysiology.
  • To highlight the prevalence and diverse clinical presentations.
  • To discuss current and potential future therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on celiac disease.
  • Analysis of genetic associations (HLA DQ2/DQ8).
  • Evaluation of environmental factors (infant feeding, breastfeeding).
  • Discussion of serologic screening and diagnostic antibody tests.
  • Assessment of clinical manifestations and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Celiac disease affects approximately 1% of the population.
  • Clinical presentations are varied, often without diarrhea.
  • Environmental factors significantly influence disease development.
  • Serologic tests are sensitive and specific for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Celiac disease is a common autoimmune disorder influenced by genetics and environment.
  • A gluten-free diet is the primary treatment.
  • Further research into pathophysiology may lead to novel therapeutic approaches beyond dietary restrictions.