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Updated: Aug 6, 2026

In Vitro Pancreas Organogenesis from Dispersed Mouse Embryonic Progenitors
Published on: July 19, 2014
Beta-cell growth: an unusual paradigm of organogenesis that is cyclin D2/Cdk4 dependent
1Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. kushnerj@mail.med.upenn.edu
Abstract:
Improved understanding of the signals that regulate growth and maintenance of adult beta-cells remains one of the main challenges in diabetes research. However, new advances in identifying the specific components involved in G1 cell cycle progression of beta-cells suggest that the molecular determinants of this pathway could ultimately be revealed. We find that cyclin D2, and to a minor degree cyclin D1, are required for adult beta-cell growth. Our observations complement previous data regarding cdk4, and suggest that mitogenic signals could act via this pathway to influence acquisition of adult beta-cell mass. Although cyclin D2/cdk4 activity is critically important for beta-cell growth, it was unclear how much ongoing replication is required to maintain beta-cell mass. Our recent long-term beta-cell labeling studies reveal that adult beta-cells could conceivably live for the life of the organism. This new paradigm of long-lived beta-cells challenges previous notions of rapid turnover of adult beta-cell mass. Thus, much remains to be learned in order to expand adult beta-cell mass in diabetes patients.
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