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Assessment of visual function in autistic children.

J E Scharre1, M P Creedon

  • 1Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

This study found significant visual dysfunctions in autistic children, including atypical eye movements and reduced visual acuity. These visual impairments may explain some characteristic behaviors observed in autism spectrum disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors.
  • Atypical visual behaviors, such as altered gaze patterns and stereotypies, are common in children with autism.
  • The relationship between these visual signs and underlying visual dysfunction requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate visual functions in children with autism.
  • To identify potential visual dysfunctions related to observed visual signs and symptoms in autism.
  • To provide data for further research into visual processing in autism.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 34 autistic children (ages 2-11) for ocular alignment, refractive error, visual acuity, oculomotility, and stereopsis.

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  • Utilized acuity card procedure for binocular visual acuity and near retinoscopy for refractive errors.
  • Assessed stereopsis with Lang stereo testing and oculomotility via voluntary pursuit and saccadic fixations, and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN).

    • Main Results:

    • No ocular disease, seizure disorders, or dysmorphic features were found.
    • Prevalence of strabismus was 21% at distance and 18% at near.
    • Atypical optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) responses were observed in 31 children (91%), with only 14.7% exhibiting voluntary pursuit movements.

    Conclusions:

    • Autistic children exhibit a high prevalence of visual dysfunctions, including strabismus, impaired oculomotility, and abnormal OKN responses.
    • These visual impairments may be linked to the characteristic visual behaviors and stereotypies seen in autism.
    • Further research is warranted to understand the impact of visual dysfunction on development and behavior in children with autism.