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Updated: Aug 13, 2026
A Coregistered Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging Protocol for the Transvaginal Imaging of Ovarian Lesions
Published on: March 3, 2023
Diagnosis of polycystic ovaries by three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound
Michael C Allemand1, Ian S Tummon, Jennifer L Phy
1Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. allemand.michael@mayo.edu
Objective:
To study diagnostic thresholds for polycystic ovary (PCO).
Design:
Retrospective cohort study.
Setting:
Academic hospital.
Patient(S):
Normoandrogenic ovulatory women and patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Intervention(S):
Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal ultrasound.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
The mean follicle number per ovary (FNPO) of both ovaries and the maximum number follicles in a single sonographic plane (FSSP) of either ovary were determined using 3D transvaginal ultrasound. Ovarian volume was determined using 2D transvaginal ultrasound.
Result(S):
Twenty-nine normoandrogenic ovulatory women were compared with 10 patients with PCOS. Diagnostic thresholds for PCO with 100% specificity as determined by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were > or =20 for mean FNPO, > or =10 for maximum FSSP, and > or =13 cm3 for ovarian volume. Both 2D and 3D transvaginal ultrasound were highly accurate in the diagnosis of PCO as determined by areas under the curve (AUC) that were >90% for all three measures.
Conclusion(S):
Mean FNPO and maximum FSSP by 3D transvaginal ultrasound have comparable high accuracy for diagnosis of PCO. The diagnostic threshold with 100% specificity for mean FNPO is > or =20, which is greater than suggested by the Rotterdam Consensus Workshop in 2003. Use of the consensus standard, consequently, may result in overdiagnosis of PCO. A threshold of > or =20 mean FNPO using 3D transvaginal ultrasound may be appropriate to minimize false-positive diagnoses of PCO.
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