Monolithic continuous beds as a new generation of stationary phase for chromatographic and electro-driven separations

Monolithic supports are a new generation of stationary phases which are typically prepared using a simple molding process carried out within the confines of the capillary. They provide high rates of mass transfer at lower pressure drops, enable much faster separations and the nature of the pores allows easy permeability for large molecules. This review summarizes the current achievements and application of organic polymer-based monolithic columns, silica-based monolithic columns and their application in bioaffinity processing, modern biotechnology, determination of microorganisms and chiral separations. Special attention is paid to microfabricated devices with monolithic supports because their fabrication of particles directly in the channel eliminates the need for a frit and also creates a unique homogeneity of packing.