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Jaw opening in novice and experienced classically trained singers.

Stephen F Austin1

  • 1College of Music, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA. saustin@music.unt.edu

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|January 18, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Singer training level did not impact jaw opening, but vowel sounds and pitch did. Experienced and novice singers showed similar jaw movements, with 'a' vowels and higher pitches requiring more opening.

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Area of Science:

  • Vocal pedagogy
  • Speech science
  • Biomechanics of singing

Background:

  • Jaw opening is a critical component of vocal production in singing.
  • Understanding jaw movement differences between novice and experienced singers can inform training methods.
  • The influence of vowels and pitch on jaw kinematics is not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare jaw opening in novice (<4 years) versus experienced (>8 years) singers.
  • To investigate the effects of vowel articulation ([a], [i], [u]) on jaw opening.
  • To determine how different vocal pitches (low, medium, high) influence jaw movement during singing.

Main Methods:

  • Jaw movement was measured using a head-mounted cephalostat with a strain gauge.
  • Participants (novice and experienced singers) produced spoken and sung carrier phrases.

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  • Vowels [a], [i], and [u] were analyzed across low, medium, and high singing pitches.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant difference in jaw opening was found between novice and experienced singers.
    • Vowel articulation significantly affected jaw opening, with [a] requiring more opening than [i] or [u].
    • Increased vocal pitch led to greater jaw opening, with low pitches showing less opening than speech.

    Conclusions:

    • Vocal training duration does not appear to influence the extent of jaw opening.
    • Vowel and pitch are significant factors affecting jaw kinematics in singers.
    • Jaw opening increases with pitch, generally exceeding speech levels for medium and high notes.