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Risk factors responsible for patients' falls.

C Plati, V Lanara, J Mantas

    Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences
    |January 1, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary

    Male gender, older age (≥65), and specific conditions like cardiac problems, neoplasms, anemias, and post-operative status increase patient fall risk in hospitals. Hypnotic/tranquilizer drug use also elevates this risk.

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    Area of Science:

    • Geriatric Medicine
    • Patient Safety
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Hospitalized adults are at risk for falls, leading to potential injuries and increased healthcare costs.
    • Identifying intrinsic risk factors is crucial for developing targeted fall prevention strategies in general hospitals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine intrinsic factors contributing to falls among hospitalized adults.
    • To analyze the association between patient characteristics, medical conditions, medications, and fall incidence.

    Main Methods:

    • A case-control study involving 214 hospitalized patients (108 fallers, 106 non-fallers).
    • Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate 23 potential risk factors.
    • Statistical significance was assessed using p-values.

    Main Results:

    • Seven factors significantly increased fall risk: male gender (p=0.0022), age ≥65 (p=0.00426), cardiac conditions (p=0.0062), neoplasms (p=0.0334), anemias (p=0.0128), post-operative status (p=0.0063), and hypnotic/tranquilizer drug use (p=0.0486).
    • Falls were most frequent within the first 4 days of admission and during early morning hours (5-6 am).
    • Common injuries included bruises (32.4%), minor injuries (24%), major injuries (16.7%), and fractures (10.2%).

    Conclusions:

    • Male gender, advanced age, specific comorbidities (cardiac, neoplasms, anemias, post-operative), and psychotropic medication use are significant intrinsic risk factors for falls in hospitalized patients.
    • Early identification and management of these factors are essential for effective hospital fall prevention programs.

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