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Antimicrobial skin peptides and proteins.

J M Schröder1, J Harder

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 7, 24105 Kiel, Germany. jschroeder@dermatology.uni-kiel.de

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|January 18, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Human skin possesses a chemical barrier of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) that prevents infection. These AMPs can be stimulated by non-inflammatory triggers, offering a way to boost innate immunity without causing inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Human skin's constant exposure to microorganisms necessitates robust defense mechanisms.
  • A key component of skin's natural resistance is the 'chemical barrier' formed by antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs).
  • AMPs are known to be produced both constitutively and inducibly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the non-inflammatory stimulation of AMP synthesis in human skin.
  • To identify potential mediators that can induce innate antimicrobial effector molecules without eliciting inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on AMP expression and regulation in skin.
  • Analysis of in vitro studies demonstrating AMP induction by cytokines and bacteria.

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  • Examination of in vivo data on AMP expression in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory skin conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are crucial for skin's natural resistance to microbial invasion.
    • While AMPs can be induced by inflammatory stimuli like cytokines and bacteria, they are also expressed focally in non-inflammatory skin.
    • This suggests that endogenous or exogenous non-inflammatory stimuli can trigger AMP synthesis.

    Conclusions:

    • The human skin's innate immune system can be activated via non-inflammatory pathways.
    • Mediators that stimulate AMP production without causing inflammation represent promising candidates for 'immune stimulants'.
    • Targeting these pathways could enhance skin's antimicrobial defenses without adverse inflammatory side effects.