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Speech and hearing problems in a high-risk population.

D E Ballot1, A D Rothberg, B J Katz

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Johannesburg Hospital.

South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
|July 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

This study on neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) survivors found a low incidence of hearing loss but a significant rate of speech problems. Neurological damage correlated with these language development issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Pediatric audiology
  • Developmental pediatrics

Background:

  • Mechanical ventilation in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) is associated with potential long-term risks.
  • Hearing impairment and language delays are known risks for infants requiring intensive care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence of hearing loss and speech problems in mechanically ventilated NICU survivors.
  • To identify risk factors and correlations between hearing, language development, and neurological status.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of 85 mechanically ventilated NICU survivors.
  • Assessment of hearing using free-field responses (FFR) and language development via the Early Language Milestone (ELM) scale.
  • Analysis of risk factors including intraventricular hemorrhage and correlation with neurodevelopmental scores.

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Main Results:

  • Overall incidence of permanent sensorineural hearing loss was low (0% in the assessed sample).
  • Eleven children (12.9%) failed the ELM scale, with 5 experiencing long-term speech problems.
  • Significant correlation found between ELM scores and neurodevelopmental outcomes (P=0.045) and intraventricular hemorrhage (P=0.0016).

Conclusions:

  • While permanent hearing loss is uncommon in this NICU population, speech problems are a significant concern.
  • Neurological damage, particularly intraventricular hemorrhage, is linked to impaired language development.
  • Early language milestone assessment is crucial for identifying NICU survivors at risk for speech and developmental issues.