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Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection after cardiac surgery: risk factors and outcome

Christian Olsson1, Ann Tammelin, Stefan Thelin

  • 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Cardiothoracic Unit, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden. christian.olsson@surgsci.uu.se

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
|January 19, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections after cardiac surgery are rare, with valve prosthesis implantation being the only identified risk factor. Fortunately, the study found no mortality associated with these infections.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cardiac surgery carries a risk of post-operative bloodstream infections.
  • Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen in healthcare-associated infections.
  • Understanding risk factors for bloodstream infections post-cardiac surgery is crucial for patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection following cardiac surgery.
  • To analyze the genotypic diversity of Staphylococcus aureus strains causing bloodstream infections.
  • To determine the mortality rate associated with these infections.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study design was employed.
  • Included 10 cases of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection and 28 controls from 833 cardiac surgery patients.
  • Bacterial strain typing was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
  • Multivariable logistic regression was used for risk-factor analysis.

Main Results:

  • All identified Staphylococcus aureus strains were unique by PFGE, suggesting sporadic, non-clonal infections.
  • Valve prosthesis implantation was the sole significant risk factor associated with bloodstream infection (p-value not provided).
  • The overall incidence of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection was low in this cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Valve prosthesis implantation is a key risk factor for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection after cardiac surgery.
  • The genetic uniqueness of strains indicates a low risk of transmission within the study population.
  • The absence of mortality in cases suggests effective management or inherently low virulence in this context.

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