Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 23, 2026

Identification of Olfactory Volatiles using Gas Chromatography-Multi-unit Recordings (GCMR) in the Insect Antennal Lobe
Published on: February 24, 2013
[Allelopathy and chemical constituents of Ligularia virgaurea volatile]
Ruijun Ma1, Mingli Wang, Xuetai Zhu
1College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China. ruijunma2003@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract:
Ligularia virgaurea is a noxious weed widely distributed on the psychro-grasslands of east Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, but the allelopathic effects of its volatile is less known. In this study, the allelopathy of L. virgaurea volatile to 5 kinds of grasses was examined, and its chemical constituents were analyzed by GC-MS. The results demonstrated that the volatile of growing L. virgaurea could inhibit the seed germination speed and germination rate of all tested grasses. The inhibitory effects on Elymus nutans and Bromus magnus were significant, while Poa annua and Festuca ovin were not very sensitive. 18 major constituents were identified from the essential oil of L. virgaurea, accounted for 68.24% of the total. The main chemical components were 2-methylheptane (9.84%), 3-methyl-heptane (8.25%), heptane (7.93%), 4-methyl-1-(methylethyl)-bicyclo [3, 1, 0] hex-2-ene (7.79%), 3-methyl-hexane (6.38%), 2-methyl-hexane (5.54%), and D-limonene (4.70%). Monoterpenoids accounted for 16.58% of the total, indicating that volatilization was one of the ways by which L. virgaurea released allelochemicals. The allelopathy of the volatile may play an important role in enhancing the competitive ability of the species, and be one of reasons of grassland degeneration.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Aromatic Compounds: Overview
In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene...
Local Anesthetics: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship
Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Volatilization

