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Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
Visualization and quantification of flow and velocity fields in intracranial arteriovenous malformations using
John W Grinstead1, Shantanu Sinha, Satoshi Tateshima
1Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Ueberroth Bldg., Suite 3371, 10945 LeConte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-7206, USA.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to describe postprocessing tools for MR phase-contrast flow quantification images and apply those tools to cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) to visualize blood flow dynamics noninvasively.
Conclusion:
Inflow and outflow zones were clearly depicted at different regions in the AVM. The processed images showed flow patterns including vortical flow and variations in velocity over the cardiac cycle. Particle tracking gave an impression of the overall flow state and of the venous drainage system in particular.
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