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Decreasing effluent loads through bleaching modification.

Ai Van Tran1

  • 1Kraft Pulp Department, Daio Paper Corporation, 5-1 Mishima Kamiya-cho, Shikokuchuo-shi, Ehime 799-0492, Japan. avtran@daio-paper.co.jp

Water Research
|January 24, 2006
PubMed
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Elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching without alkaline extraction stages significantly reduced effluent color and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This optimized ECF process offers environmental benefits for kraft pulp mills.

Area of Science:

  • Pulp and Paper Manufacturing
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching is standard practice for kraft pulp mills globally to meet environmental regulations.
  • Conventional ECF sequences often include alkaline extraction stages that contribute significantly to effluent color and chemical oxygen demand (COD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of eliminating alkaline extraction stages in ECF bleaching sequences on effluent quality (color and COD).
  • To evaluate the influence of different bleaching chemicals (chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide) in modified ECF sequences.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of ECF bleaching sequences with and without alkaline extraction stages.
  • Analysis of effluent color and COD loads.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of pulp properties (viscosity, tear index, sheet density) after bleaching.

    • Main Results:

    • ECF sequences without alkaline extraction and using only chlorine dioxide effectively reduced both effluent color and COD.
    • ECF sequences with chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, but no alkaline extraction, reduced color but not COD.
    • Pulp viscosity was lower in the chlorine dioxide-only sequence without alkaline extraction, but tear index and sheet density remained comparable.

    Conclusions:

    • Eliminating alkaline extraction stages in ECF bleaching is a viable strategy to reduce effluent color and COD.
    • The total kappa factor influences COD load, while hexeneuronic acid groups affect effluent color.
    • Optimized ECF sequences can achieve environmental benefits without significantly compromising key pulp properties.