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Altered host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes in mice exposed to 1-chloroacetophenone (CN) vapours
P Kumar1, P Kumar, K Zachariah
1Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India.
Abstract:
Short term repeated exposure of 1-chloroacetophenone (CN) vapours at a concentration of 0.153 mg per litre for 15 minutes daily on 10 consecutive days in Swiss albino male mice resulted in increased mortality to Listeria monocytogenes. Significantly elevated bacterial growth was observed in the spleen and liver of the CN exposed animals. The increased bacterial count in these organs was evident within 4-6 days post challenge as compared to vehicle exposed infected and unexposed infected animals. Increased susceptibility to infection has been considered to be the function of immune alteration due to cumulative short term effects of CN vapour inhalation. This may be attributed to immunotoxic effects of CN on T-cells mediated macrophage functions.
Insights
Short-term exposure to 1-chloroacetophenone (CN) vapors increased mortality in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes. CN inhalation impaired immune function, leading to higher bacterial growth in organs and increased infection susceptibility.
Area of Science:
- Immunotoxicology
- Microbiology
- Environmental Health
Background:
- 1-chloroacetophenone (CN) is a chemical irritant.
- Exposure to environmental toxins can impact immune system function.
- Understanding the immunotoxic effects of CN is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of short-term 1-chloroacetophenone (CN) vapor exposure on susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.
- To determine the impact of CN exposure on bacterial growth in key organs.
- To explore the potential immunotoxic mechanisms underlying CN-induced susceptibility.
Main Methods:
- Swiss albino male mice were exposed to CN vapors (0.153 mg/L for 15 min/day for 10 days).
- Mice were subsequently challenged with Listeria monocytogenes.
- Bacterial counts in spleen and liver were measured at 4-6 days post-infection.
Main Results:
- CN exposure significantly increased mortality rates following Listeria monocytogenes infection.
- Elevated Listeria monocytogenes growth was observed in the spleen and liver of CN-exposed mice compared to controls.
- Increased bacterial loads were evident within 4-6 days post-challenge.
Conclusions:
- Short-term, repeated CN vapor inhalation enhances susceptibility to bacterial infection.
- CN exposure appears to exert immunotoxic effects, potentially impairing T-cell mediated macrophage functions.
- These findings highlight the potential health risks associated with CN exposure and its impact on immune defenses.