Diffusion imaging of the prostate at 3.0 tesla

We sought to assess the efficacy of diffusion imaging in the differential diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma using a 3.0 T scanner and parallel imaging technology.

Diffusion-weighted images were acquired using a single shot echo-planar imaging sequence with b = 0 and 500 seconds/mm. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCy) values were calculated in tumor and healthy-appearing peripheral zone for 62 patients. Diffusion tensor images were also acquired in 25 patients and mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy determined.

Significant differences were noted between prostatic carcinoma (1.33 +/- 0.32 x 10(-3) mm2/s) and peripheral zone (1.86 +/- 0.47 x 10(-3) mm2/s) for ADCy. Significant differences between the 2 tissue types were also noted for mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy. Utilizing a cut-off of 1.45 x 10(-3) mm/s for mean diffusivity, a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 80% were obtained.

Diffusion imaging of the prostate was implemented at high magnetic field strength. Reduced ADC and increased fractional anisotropy values were noted in prostatic carcinoma.