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Olfactory dysfunction and its measurement in the clinic and workplace
1Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 5 Ravdin Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. doty@mail.med.upenn.edu
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
|January 24, 2006
Summary
Quantitative olfactory testing offers reliable methods to assess smell function and monitor workplace chemical exposures. This approach is crucial for detecting adverse effects and managing occupational health.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Medicine
- Sensory Science
- Toxicology
Background:
- The sense of smell (olfactory function) can be significantly impacted by environmental factors, particularly airborne toxins in industrial settings.
- Assessing olfactory function is vital for understanding the effects of occupational exposures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review practical methods for quantitatively assessing smell in clinical and workplace environments.
- To discuss measurement issues like test sensitivity, specificity, and reliability.
- To examine factors influencing olfactory function, including workplace toxins.
Main Methods:
- Selective review and discussion of available olfactory assessment techniques.
- Analysis of factors affecting smell function and test validity.
Main Results:
- Validated threshold and suprathreshold tests exist for smell assessment, though their reliability and accuracy vary.
- Olfactory ability is influenced by numerous factors including age, sex, health status, medications, and exposure to environmental toxins like heavy metals.
Conclusions:
- Technological advancements and improved occupational medicine enable reliable monitoring and control of hazardous chemical exposures affecting smell.
- Quantitative olfactory testing is essential for identifying adverse effects, detecting malingering, establishing disability claims, and monitoring olfactory function over time.
