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Membrane alterations and fluidity changes in cerebral cortex during acute ammonia intoxication.

I Swapna¹, K V Sathya Sai Kumar, Ch R K Murthy

¹Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.

Neurotoxicology

|January 25, 2006

Summary

Acute ammonia intoxication alters brain membrane lipids, decreasing sphingomyelin and cholesterol. This impacts annular fluidity and indicates oxidative stress in rat cerebral cortex membranes.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biochemistry
Toxicology

Background:

Acute ammonia intoxication affects brain membrane-bound enzyme activities.
Altered enzyme function may stem from changes in membrane architecture.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate ammonia's impact on lipid composition and fluidity of rat cerebral cortex membranes.
Determine if ammonia toxicity affects membrane structure and integrity.

Main Methods:

Administered acute doses of ammonium acetate to rats.
Analyzed lipid composition (sphingomyelin, cholesterol, phospholipids) of isolated cerebral cortex membranes.
Assessed membrane fluidity using fluorescence probes (DPH, TMA-DPH, pyrene).
Measured oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, total thiols).

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Main Results:

Ammonium acetate depleted sphingomyelin and cholesterol, lowering the cholesterol:phospholipid ratio.
Increased phosphatidylserine levels observed; phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine remained unchanged.
No alterations in bulk membrane fluidity, but a decrease in annular fluidity was detected.
Elevated malondialdehyde and decreased total thiols indicated oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

Acute ammonia intoxication significantly alters cerebral cortex membrane lipid composition.
Ammonia toxicity reduces annular membrane fluidity and induces oxidative stress.
These changes may underlie the observed alterations in membrane-bound enzyme activities.