Clinical outcomes with laparoscopic stage M1, unresected gastric adenocarcinoma

For patients with laparoscopic stage M1 gastric adenocarcinoma, no resection of the primary tumor, and systemic chemotherapy, this study investigated the incidence of subsequent palliative intervention and survival.

Laparoscopy was performed for patients with computed tomography scan stage M0 disease and no significant obstruction or bleeding.

A prospectively maintained database for 1993 to 2002 was used to identify 165 patients (median age, 63 years) with laparoscopic M1 disease in the peritoneum (P1, adjacent to stomach, 9%; P2, few distant sites, 35%; or P3, disseminated, 30%) or liver (10%) or both (16%). Functional performance status (FPS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) was 0 to 1 (84%) or 2 (16%).

Subsequent intervention was performed on 50% of patients, at median interval of 4 months (range, 1-35 months) after laparoscopy. Intervention was performed on the stomach for obstruction (33%), bleeding (8%), or perforation (1%) or on a distant site for a metastasis-related complication (20%). More than one intervention (maximum, 4) was performed in 21%. Laparotomy was necessary in 12%; the remainder had endoscopic or radiologic procedures or radiation therapy only. There was one intervention-related death. Median survival was 10 months, with 1-year survival of 39%. On multivariate analysis, better FPS (0-1; odds ratio, 4; P=0.001) and limited peritoneal metastasis (P1 or P2; 2; P=0.01) were independently associated with improved survival.

The incidence of subsequent intervention was 50%, but few patients had laparotomy. Intervention-related mortality was minimal. The burden of metastatic disease and functional performance status were important prognostic factors.