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Function of small hydrophobic proteins of paramyxovirus

Rebecca L Wilson1, Sandra M Fuentes, Ping Wang

  • 1Center of Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 115 Henning Bldg., University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Journal of Virology
|January 28, 2006
PubMed

Insights

The small hydrophobic (SH) protein of mumps virus (MuV) can inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) signaling, similar to its counterpart in Simian virus 5 (SV5). This suggests a conserved role for SH proteins in viral pathogenesis and immune evasion.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mumps virus (MuV) and Simian virus 5 (SV5) are related rubulaviruses.
  • The function of MuV small hydrophobic (SH) protein is unknown, but SV5 SH is implicated in blocking TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis.
  • SV5 lacking SH is attenuated and induces apoptosis, highlighting SH's role in pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of the MuV SH protein.
  • To determine if MuV SH shares functional similarities with SV5 SH.
  • To explore the role of MuV SH in viral pathogenesis and immune modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a recombinant SV5 genome with the MuV SH open reading frame (ORF).
  • Analysis of recombinant virus (rSV5DeltaSH+MuV-SH) viability and growth compared to wild-type SV5.
  • Reporter gene assays to assess the effect of MuV SH and SV5 SH on TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation.

Main Results:

  • Recombinant SV5 expressing MuV SH (rSV5DeltaSH+MuV-SH) was viable and behaved like wild-type SV5.
  • MuV SH, like SV5 SH, inhibited TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappaB.
  • These findings suggest a conserved function for SH proteins in inhibiting TNF-alpha signaling.

Conclusions:

  • The MuV SH protein possesses a function analogous to SV5 SH.
  • MuV SH likely plays a role in viral pathogenesis by modulating host immune responses, specifically TNF-alpha signaling.
  • This study provides insights into the conserved mechanisms of paramyxovirus immune evasion.

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