Characteristics of the 'metabolic syndrome X' in a cardiovascular low risk population in Crete

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular epidemiology
• Metabolic health
• Population studies

Background:

• The prevalence and interaction of metabolic risk factors like hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia are well-documented in high-risk populations.
• Understanding these patterns in low-risk populations is crucial for comprehensive public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and interaction of hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in a low-risk Cretan population (Spili).
• To determine if Metabolic Syndrome X, characterized by insulin resistance, is present and interacts similarly to high-risk groups.

Main Methods:

• Cross-sectional study of 249 individuals aged 45-79 years in Spili, Crete.
• Assessment of hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.
• Measurement of insulin and C-peptide levels to identify insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia.

Main Results:

• Hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia were found to be as prevalent in Spili as in Sweden.
• Evidence suggests the presence of Metabolic Syndrome X, with elevated insulin and C-peptide levels in affected individuals.
• These findings align with previous research, including the Seven Countries Study, regarding low myocardial infarction rates in Cretan men.

Conclusions:

• Metabolic risk factors and Metabolic Syndrome X are prevalent in the low-risk Spili population.
• The interaction of these conditions appears consistent with patterns observed in higher-risk populations.
• Further research can inform targeted interventions for cardiovascular disease prevention.