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A canopy layer model and its application to Rome.

V Bonacquisti1, G R Casale, S Palmieri

  • 1University of Rome "La Sapienza", Department of Physics, Italy. valerio.bonacquisti@uniroma1.it

The Science of the Total Environment
|January 31, 2006
PubMed
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The urban heat island (UHI) effect is primarily a nocturnal phenomenon driven by urban geometry and material properties, not anthropogenic heat. This study developed a model to simulate urban climate and heat storage, confirming UHI

Area of Science:

  • Urban Climatology
  • Environmental Modeling
  • Building Physics

Background:

  • Urban areas experience distinct microclimates due to surface properties and geometry.
  • Understanding urban heat island (UHI) formation is crucial for urban planning and climate adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an urban canopy layer model simulating urban climate and heat storage.
  • To investigate the drivers and nocturnal characteristics of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect.

Main Methods:

  • A numerical model based on four energy balance equations at ground and building levels.
  • Incorporation of thermal/radiative properties of urban/rural surfaces and atmospheric parameters.
  • Modeling buildings as parallelepipeds with material hysteresis, validated against in situ temperature observations in Rome.

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Main Results:

  • The developed model accurately simulates urban climate and heat storage.
  • The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is predominantly nocturnal, observed in both winter (2°C difference) and summer (5°C difference).
  • Urban geometry and material thermal properties are key drivers of UHI; anthropogenic heat plays a minor role.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms UHI as a nocturnal phenomenon driven by urban morphology and materials.
  • Model results align with observational data, highlighting the importance of accurate physical parameterization.
  • Urban parks can influence UHI patterns, creating distinct cooler zones within the city.