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Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
Published on: June 27, 2020
CD4+CD3- cells regulate the organization of lymphoid tissue and T-cell memory for antibody responses
Peter J L Lane1, Mi-Yeon Kim, Fabrina M C Gaspal
1MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute for Biomedical Research, Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK. p.j.l.lane@bham.ac.uk
Abstract:
This review highlights the role of a CD4(+)CD3(-) accessory cell in the development of organized lymphoid infrastructures as well as in the development of high-affinity antibody responses and T-cell memory. These 2 functions are linked in the development of the vertebrate immune system and are effected by the constitutive expression of 2 sets of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members. The expression of lymphotoxin 3 (LT3), LT3, and TNF-3, which are closely linked genetically, affects the organization of lymphoid structures into B-cell and T-cell areas; the dual expression of OX40 ligand (TNFSF4) and CD30 ligand (TNFSF8) influences both the survival of T-cells within germinal centers and T-cell memory.
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