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Related Experiment Videos

Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness.

Ruth A Baer1, Gregory T Smith, Jaclyn Hopkins

  • 1University of Kentucky, Kentucky, USA.

Assessment
|January 31, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals mindfulness has five distinct facets. These facets help explain psychological symptoms and relationships with other constructs, suggesting a multifaceted view of mindfulness is beneficial.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Mindfulness is increasingly studied, yet its precise structure requires further investigation.
  • Existing mindfulness questionnaires need validation for their psychometric properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the facet structure of mindfulness using recently developed questionnaires.
  • To assess the psychometric properties and construct validity of these mindfulness measures.

Main Methods:

  • Factor analysis was used on data from two large undergraduate samples who completed mindfulness and other psychological measures.
  • Internal consistency, convergent, and discriminant validity were examined.

Main Results:

  • Factor analyses identified five clear, interpretable facets of mindfulness.

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  • Hierarchical confirmatory factor analyses indicated four facets are components of a general mindfulness construct.
  • Mindfulness facets showed differential correlations with other constructs and incremental validity in predicting psychological symptoms.

    • Conclusions:

    • Mindfulness is best understood as a multifaceted construct.
    • The identified facets offer a more nuanced understanding of mindfulness and its relation to psychological well-being.
    • Meditation experience may influence the factor structure of mindfulness.